USA English Language :: Communication, World Language

It is accepted that the use of English expression has increased steadily in the last 50 years all over the world. English run-in is important for travelling involves package holidays, sporting occasions, business meetings, international conventions, military occupations, academic conferences and transportation and lodgings (Crystal 2003). Some people believe that the ground forces frugal power influenced spread of English by majority of institutions and other argonas, such as UN, Hollywood and TV programmes. On the other hand, other people adduce that language of English already have been used by majority of countries which is colony (Crystal 2003). This essay will firstly describe how economic power of the USA influence on spread of English to the world. Secondly, essay will point out opposing arguments that the colony of Britain. This essay will argue and indicate that integrity of situation that the US English is the dominate world language nowadays.This economic power influ enced institutions and organization and another area. First of all, significant number of institutions such as UN (United Nations) and IMF (International Monetary Fund), WB (World Bank) is managed their language by US English. Crystal (1997, p8) describes how 85% of international organizations now use English as one of their working language. Therefore, 99% of European organizations are made a recent yearbook of international associations by English (Graddol, 1997). Therefore, it is clear insistence that US English is possessive world language and it affect in politician and economic of significant number of countries. In addition, there are corroborating evidence which is English of the USA is predominance globally.In 1951, Civil Aviation Organization agreed that English should be the international language for pilots and controllers (Crystal, 2003). This means that if more than one language were in use, it may cause misunderstanding. Consequently, hazard of accident would be existed. For example, in 1977, there is fearful cases the crash of two Boeing 747s in Tenerife (Crystal, 2003). This figure indicates that US English is existed as international language closely in our living. Besides, it is believe that Internet facilitate to extend USA language. According to Crystal (2001) said that 64% of Internet hosts are to be found in the USA. Moreover, Crystal (2001, p121) pointed outTo study molecular genetics, all you need to get into Harvard University Library, the Internet and World Wide Web genuinely only work as great unifiers if you speak English.These evidences also indicate that the dominance of the language is verbal communication of USA.

Religious Persecution of Christian Beliefs :: essays research papers

Religious Persecution of Christian Beliefs What is unearthly persecution? At the beginning of this project, I purpose ghostlike persecution was a black and white topic with a clear definition. I thought that religious persecution was simply the persecution of a group because of their religious faith. However, I detect that there are no simple explanations of religious persecution, and it is a much more complex and controversial issue than I had imagined. In fact, whatever events categorise as religious persecution reveal only shades of grey and ambiguities and do not neatly fit this simple definition. I wanted others to coiffure to this very(prenominal) understanding. Therefore, I have formulated my own definition of religious persecution. It is the persecution of individuals within a group in the struggle to maintain their religious identity, or the ill-use of power by an individual or organization that causes members of a religious group to suffer.    &nbs p          In the case of the Holocaust, there is little argument some who created the liquidation camps or what caused the death of approximately 6 million Jews. The Holocaust is probably the most sound-known case of religious persecution. But my research shows that the persecution of the Jews all-inclusive well beyond simply targeting all the members of a particular faith. Instead, Hitler labeled the Jews as a race, and used his political power to exterminate the entire race.      patch ferocity against Christians has been increasing worldwide, and while Christians in the East are becoming "an endangered species," according to author William Dalrymple, attention to the crisis in the broadsheets and broadcasts of the West is "occasional and ephemeral" at best. No doubt this reticence must in part have to do with the Wests tendency to quarantine religion out of public sermon and concern.  &nbs p  The persecution of Christians lays a special injunction on the church in the West to examine modern paradigms and strategies for evangelism. Often Christian missionary approaches are founded on racial and religious assumptions that assign native populations and traditional cultures to an inferior status. The general premise is that prior to the arrival of Christian missionaries, people lived in a morass of fantasm and depravity. This traditionally has been the basis for the almost-militant missionary scramble for native souls. Some U.S.-based Web sites include references to India as a "a land of 333 million gods" that is a practical(prenominal) "Babel" linguistically and the self-identification of missionaries as "warriors of Christ," "crusading" for the "lost" and "unreached.Religious Persecution of Christian Beliefs essays research papers Religious Persecution of Christian Beliefs What is religious persecution? At the be ginning of this project, I thought religious persecution was a black and white topic with a clear definition. I thought that religious persecution was simply the persecution of a group because of their religious faith. However, I discovered that there are no simple explanations of religious persecution, and it is a much more complex and controversial issue than I had imagined. In fact, some events categorized as religious persecution reveal only shades of grey and ambiguities and do not neatly fit this simple definition. I wanted others to come to this same understanding. Therefore, I have formulated my own definition of religious persecution. It is the persecution of individuals within a group in the struggle to maintain their religious identity, or the abuse of power by an individual or organization that causes members of a religious group to suffer.               In the case of the Holocaust, there is little argument abo ut who created the extermination camps or what caused the death of approximately 6 million Jews. The Holocaust is probably the most well-known case of religious persecution. But my research shows that the persecution of the Jews extended well beyond simply targeting all the members of a particular faith. Instead, Hitler labeled the Jews as a race, and used his political power to exterminate the entire race.     While violence against Christians has been increasing worldwide, and while Christians in the East are becoming "an endangered species," according to author William Dalrymple, attention to the crisis in the broadsheets and broadcasts of the West is "occasional and momentary" at best. No doubt this reticence must in part have to do with the Wests tendency to quarantine religion out of public discourse and concern.     The persecution of Christians lays a special injunction on the church in the West to examine modern paradi gms and strategies for evangelism. Often Christian missionary approaches are founded on racial and religious assumptions that assign native populations and traditional cultures to an inferior status. The general premise is that prior to the arrival of Christian missionaries, people lived in a morass of darkness and depravity. This traditionally has been the basis for the almost-militant missionary scramble for native souls. Some U.S.-based Web sites include references to India as a "a land of 333 million gods" that is a virtual "Babel" linguistically and the self-identification of missionaries as "warriors of Christ," "crusading" for the "lost" and "unreached.

How changing the concentration changes the rate of reaction. :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

How changing the concentration changes the rate of reaction.IntroductionWe are deviation to escort at the following factors during thisinvestigation1 Why altering rate could be an advantage2 Good ideas to control the rate of reactions3 curtly mention the factors that can change the rate of reaction such as -TemperatureSurface AreaCatalystConcentrationI am going to mention out if changing the concentration of nitric acid inwater and see if it has any effect on changing the rate of which settle is form when reacts with sodium thiosulphate.PredictionI think that a faster reaction leave behinding happen with a higher acidconcentration as in that respect will be more successful collisions with sodiumthiosulphate, which will result in a faster reaction because theproduct will be produced quicker. frame-up1 Conical Flask2 Beakers3 Measuring CylindersPaper with a black cross on StopwatchNitric bittersodium ThiosulphateWater Safety GlassesMethodFor my experiment I will measure out 2 5cm of Sodium Thiosulphate andput it in a conical flask. I will put the flask on top of a piece ofpaper that has a black cross drawn on it. I will then measure 15cm ofNitric Acid and add this to the Sodium Thiosulphate in the conicalflask. The two should react together to make a cloudy precipitate andwe are going to time how long it takes for the liquid to turn cloudyuntil we cant see the cross underneath the glass anymore. We aregoing to carry this experiment out a number of times but each time wewill decrease the volume of Nitric Acid by 1cm and add 1cm of water.Each time we will decrease the Nitric Acid and increase the volume ofwater to see which one holds the fastest reaction. Our final measuring ofNitric Acid should be 5cm and 10cm of water. I will repeat theexperiment 3 times to make sure that my results are as accurate asthey can be. I will then record my results onto a graph so I cancompare them better and make a crinkle of best-fit graph to show myresults even clearly.Ho w will I make it a fair test?To make sure that my experiment is fair I will always use the similaramount of Sodium Thiosulphate and the only factor I will change willbe the volume of Nitric Acid and water but only to total 15cm so thedepth of the liquid will always be the same. Also, I will always usethe same conical flask and wash it out after every time I have usedit.EvaluationFirst of all we put our arctic goggles on, and then we added 25cm3 of

Child Abuse and Neglect :: Violence Against Children

The day began like any other day. It started with the hustle and bustle of the children rushing into the classroom, tearing off their spend gear and throwing it into the coat room. I noticed, however, one of the smaller boys named Tommy wasnt wearing a winter coat or hat. I thought that maybe his parents hadnt realized how shivery it was out that morning. So I tried to push the idea out of my head so I could start the day, after all the Pledge of faithfulness had already begun. Later on at recess, I had told the children to get dressed to go outside. I held Tommy inside for a minute so that I could give-up the ghost him one of the coats that had been donated to the classroom. When I had reached to help him put the coat on I realized he became uneasy. I continued to help him, however, and I was shocked at what I had saw. It was cigarette burns on his neck. I suddenly realized I was witness to a serious case of child abomination harmonise to the National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse, more than three million cases of child maltreatment were reported in 1995. In that same year at least 1,215 children died because of child abuse and neglect. ( Child Abuse and Neglect ). There are several types of child abuse. The primary types are physical, sexual, emotional abuse, and neglect. Physical abuse is the most visible form of child abuse. Physical abuse can be defined as non accidental trauma or physical crack resulting from punching, beating, kicking, biting, burning, or otherwise harming a child (American Humane ). If the child is being physically abused then you may notice bruises, swollen areas, or tag on a childs face. In severe cases you may notice human bite marks, cigarette burns, broken bones, puncture marks, or lacking(p) hair ( American Humane). If you can not actuateually see physical abuse then you may notice something is wrong when a child begins to act up behaviorally. Some behavioral indicators include withdrawn or aggressive behavi oral extremes, complaints of soreness or uncomfortable movement, wearing clothing that is inappropriate for the weather, self-consciousness with physical contact, or becoming a chronic runaway(American Humane). I think these indicators or physical abuse are very important for teachers, so they are aware of children who are being abused.

Comparing the Feminine Quest in Surfacing and Song of Solomon Essay

The Feminine Quest in Surfacing and cry of Solomon Margaret Atwood in her novel Surfacing and Toni Morrison in her novel Song of Solomon require their heroines to pass through a stage of self-interpretation as a prerequisite for re-inventing the self. This stage in the feminine journey manifests a critical carry typically absent in the traditional male journey, and one that places Atwood and Morrisons heroines at odds with the patriarchal community. If authors of feminine journeys meet the requirements set out by libber critics like Dana Heller, then we must also provide a method for interpreting the texts that will be palatable for critics from the patriarchy. Otherwise we perpetuate an hostility in the midst of the camps that debilitates everyone. The typical male heros task has been to return to his community and share the boon of his journey. That boon may be treasure badly needed for the cultures economics, it may be new wisdom needed for the proper dispensation of just ice and national confidence, it may be the return to fecundity through the defeat of a monster who has been imposing an impotence on the land. Whether the boon is economic or spiritual, under the monomythic model, the stories credit the males efforts and de-emphasize the heroines single-valued functions in the boons attainment. The typical heroines journey, however, existed at best as a sub-plot to the males effort. Her role in the quest is not meant for her active heroism, as Dana Heller says, but for her passive submission to a hero (10). Thus, if she didnt die along the quest, she married the hero. As his spouse, she helped him dispense his boon in the typical feminine manner of caregiver, lover or innocent. Often, the... ... New York Ballantine Books, 1972. Brenner, Gerry. Song of Solomon Rejecting Ranks Monomyth and Feminism, Critical Essays on Toni Morrison. Reserve Shelf, University of Montana, 1993. Fabre, Genevieve. Genealogical archaeology or the Quest for Legacy in Song of Solomon, Critical Essays on Toni Morrison. Reserve Shelf, University of Montana, 1993. Heller, Dana. The Feminization of Quest Romance. Reserve Shelf, University of Montana, 1993. Hoy, David Cousens. The Critical Circle Literature, History and philosophic Hermeneutics. Berkeley University of California Press, 1978. Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York Penguin Books, USA, 1978. OShaughnessy, Kathleen. Life, life, life, life the Community of Chorus in Song of Solomon, Critical Essays on Toni Morrison. Reserve Shelf, University of Montana, 1993.

Comparing the Feminine Quest in Surfacing and Song of Solomon Essay

The Feminine Quest in Surfacing and Song of Solomon Margaret Atwood in her novel Surfacing and Toni Morrison in her novel Song of Solomon pick out their heroines to pass through a stage of self-interpretation as a prerequisite for re-inventing the self. This stage in the feminine journey manifests a critical act normally absent in the traditional male journey, and one that places Atwood and Morrisons heroines at odds with the patriarchal community. If authors of feminine journeys meet the requirements set out by feminist critics wish Dana Heller, then we must also provide a method for interpreting the texts that will be palatable for critics from the patriarchy. Otherwise we perpetuate an hostility between the camps that debilitates everyone. The typical male heros task has been to return to his community and share the boon of his journey. That boon may be treasure badly needed for the cultures economics, it may be freshly wisdom needed for the proper dispensation of justice and national confidence, it may be the return to fecundity through the defeat of a monster who has been imposing an impotency on the land. Whether the boon is economic or spiritual, under the monomythic model, the stories credit the males efforts and de-emphasize the heroines roles in the boons attainment. The typical heroines journey, however, existed at best as a sub-plot to the males effort. Her role in the quest is not meant for her active heroism, as Dana Heller says, but for her passive submission to a hero (10). Thus, if she didnt die along the quest, she married the hero. As his spouse, she helped him give out his boon in the typical feminine manner of caregiver, lover or innocent. Often, the... ... New York Ballantine Books, 1972. Brenner, Gerry. Song of Solomon Rejecting Ranks Monomyth and Feminism, Critical Essays on Toni Morrison. Reserve Shelf, University of Montana, 1993. Fabre, Genevieve. Genealogical Archeology or the Quest for Legacy in Song of Solomon, Critic al Essays on Toni Morrison. Reserve Shelf, University of Montana, 1993. Heller, Dana. The Feminization of Quest Romance. Reserve Shelf, University of Montana, 1993. Hoy, David Cousens. The Critical Circle Literature, History and Philosophical Hermeneutics. Berkeley University of calcium Press, 1978. Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York Penguin Books, USA, 1978. OShaughnessy, Kathleen. Life, life, life, life the Community of Chorus in Song of Solomon, Critical Essays on Toni Morrison. Reserve Shelf, University of Montana, 1993.

Aggression as a Negative

Aggression is viewed by many as a negative response in sport, but theories of why aggression occurs contradict each other. respect critically theories of aggression that seek to explain why negative responses often occur in sporting situations Use practical examples for the theories you evaluate. Aggression is any demeanor outside the rules of the game that aims to harm an individual that is motivated to avoid such harm. Some skills appear aggressive for example, a slide tackle in football, further they ar perfectly legal in the games rules so it is not seen as aggressive behaviour.Possible negative responses relating to aggression are caused by actual/perceived unfairness, defeat at performance, displaced aggression from other sources, pressure to win, retaliation, copying others, nature of the game, reaction to a hostile crowd, being on the losing team and previous ill-feeling (derby game). There are 4 theories of aggression Instinct surmise, Social Learning Theory, Frustrati on Aggression Hypothesis and Aggression Cue Hypothesis.Instinct Theory (Freud) suggests that behaviour is predictable, genetically inherited and it is the trait view of behaviour. According to this theory, we can tell which players and when they will perform aggressive acts. This says that everyone has aggression within them, it is just a continual build-up of energy that needs to be released through catharsis, for example, small lashes out at an opposition to release pressure (Lorenz). However this theory completely disregards an environmental stimulus that we know exists.Social Learning Theory (Bandura) suggests that behaviour is learned from our environment, for example we observe behaviours through a role model, we perform the behaviour (copy) then this mode of behaviour becomes accepted through reinforcement. For example, puppylike footballer copies Wayne Rooney and kicks out at an opposition player, then gets praise from team-mates, this behaviour is reinforced, then the you ng player will do it more to create this manakin of response again.This theory does the opposite of Instinct Theory and accepts the environmental stimuli however disregards the genetic influence, that we also know exists. These next two are Interactionist Theories that aim to coincide environmental and genetic influences. Frustration Aggression Hypothesis suggests that frustration occurs when our goal-directed behaviour is blocked, and there is more frustration if the behaviour is outcome orientated. This hypothesis suggests that environmental build ups create a biological reaction as a cathartic release, if this release fails then we become more aggressive.For example, Jordan Mutch of Cardiff blocked Wayne Rooney from getting other(prenominal) so Wayne Rooney (goal blocked), Wayne Rooney got frustrated, Kicked out at Mutch and received a yellow card as punishment, this cathartic release failed. Aggression Cue Hypothesis suggests that frustration is liken to arousal it creates a readiness for aggression. This aggression will only occur upon environmental cue. For example in football, being on the receiving end of a grown tackle provides the environmental cue which will increase arousal. If there is the presence of aggression, chances of aggression are increased dramatically.

Wound Management

HLTEN506B Apply Principles of Wound management in the clinical environment Assessment 2 Short answer questions Define a combat injury A offend is a break in the integument or underlying structures that responses from physical, mechanical or thermal damage or develops as a result of an underlying disorder. joust the functions of the grate Functions of skin includes a) Protection An anatomical barrier from pathogens and damage between the internal and external environment in bodily defense. b) admirer Contains a variety of nerve endings that jump to heat and cold, touch, pressure, vibration, and thread injury. ) Ther moregulation Eccrine glands and dilated blood vessels aid heat loss, while constricted vessels greatly reduce cuticular blood flow and conserve heat. Erector pill muscles in mammals adjust the angle of hair shafts to change the degree of insulation profferd by hair or fur. d) fake of evaporation The skin provides a relatively dry and semi-impermeable barrier to fluid loss. e) Absorption Oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide can diff implement into the epidermis in meek amounts. f) Water resistance Act as a water resistant barrier so essential nutrients atomic number 18nt washed out of the body.The skin has terzetto (3) layers, name these three layers and give a brief description of each layer. 1) Epidermis Provides waterproofing and serves as a barrier to infection, withal helps the skin arrange body temperature. 2) Dermis Serves as a location for the appendages of skin. It provides tensile strength and elasticity to the skin through an extracellular matrix composed of collagen fibrils, microfibrils and elastic fibers, enter in proteoglycans. 3) Hypodermis Attach skin to underlying bone and muscle as well as supplying it with blood vessels and nerves.It consists of loose connective tissue and elastin. detect phases of contuse heal and give an explanation of what occurs in each phase. I. Inflammatory grade Immediate to 2-5 days Hemostasis (Vasoconstriction, Platelet aggregation, Thromboplastin makes clot) Inflammation (Vasodilation, Phagocytosis ) II. Proliferative Phase 2 days to 3 weeks Granulation (Fibroblasts lay bed of collagen, Fills defect and produces new capillaries) Contraction (Wound edges pull together to reduce defect) Epithelialization (Crosses moist pop, Cell locomote about 3 cm from point of origin in all directions)III. Remodeling Phase 3 weeks to 2 years new collagen forms which increases tensile strength to combat injurys dinero tissue is only 80 percent as strong as original tissue. Many exasperates that are in the incitive phase of violate ameliorate are often mistaken for being infected. Why is this so? How can we determine whether the wound is infected of in the infected or in the inflammatory phase? Both display case of wounds look similar in appearance. The inflammatory phase is a vital stage in the wound-healing process, without which healing exit not progress. I nflammation is apparent in all wounds at some point.However, its presence may also signal the onset of infection, an allergic reaction or dermatitis. When assessing infected wounds, some groups of people will not produce the classical symptoms associated with wound infection. In this instance we should look for additional signs. For example, a person with diabetes may also fail to produce the classical symptoms of infection owing to reduced neutrophil activity. What is your understanding of granulation and epithelialisation? Granulation is a part of the healing process in which lumpy, pink tissue ontaining new connective tissue and capillaries forms around the edges of a wound. Granulation of a wound is normal and desirable. Epithelialisation is the natural act of healing dermic and epidermal tissue in which epithelium grows over a wound. Epithelium is a membranous tissue made up of one or more layers of cells that contains very little intercellular substance. In your own words exp lain your understanding of the term wound management. Wound management is the evaluation, treatment, and prevention of bluff injuries. It includes short team/ long team goals. What is meant by the following terms? ) Healing by primary plan Primary clothedion healing is healing of a wound where the wound edges heal directly touching each other. This result in a small line of scar tissue, the goal whenever a wound is sutured closed. In primary intent healing, the goal is to minimize the need for granulation tissue by holding wound edges tightly together. This way, scarring is minimized. 2) Secondary intention may be the only possibility if the wound is infected or contaminated. In this case, the wound edges cannot be held together because the infection would grow in the stead between.The wound is instead left open to fill with granulation tissue, and the granulation tissue will subsequently turn into scar tissue. This is not ideal, because scar tissue contracts significantly as it matures, often times resulting in cosmetic or disfiguring problems. However, if contamination or infection is bad enough, healing by primary intent may not be an option. 3) Tertiary intention This lawsuit of wound healing is also known as delayed or secondary auction block and is indicated where there is a reason to delay suturing or closing a wound some other way, for example when there is poor circulation to the hurt area.These wounds are closed later. Wounds that heal by tertiary intention require more connective tissue (scar tissue) than wounds that heal by secondary intention. An example of a wound healing by tertiary intention is an abdominal wound that is initially left open to allow for drainage but is later closed. List seven (7) things that we document about a clients wound. 1) Length of the wound 2) Width of the wound 3) Depth of the wound 4) Exudate amount and type 5) Pain score 6) Swap taken 7) Surrounding skin status Wounds can be described by their color. What are the five (5) colors utilize to describe the wounds and what does each color mean? ) Black Necrotic Ca apply by presence of dehydrated dead tissue. whitethorn sound over the whole wound or be confined to a single area. Prolongs wound healing and may harbor infection. 2) Yellow Slough Caused by dead cellular debris. May lead to odour/ infection if not removed. Prolongs healing process if not removed. 3) Green infected Excessive, purulent and malodorous exudate. Clinical signs of infection present. Prolongs healing process. 4) violent granulation Bright red, moist in appearance as capillary loops develop from wound base. Extremely fragile, trauma delays healing process. ) Pink epithelialisation Pink-white tissue at wound margins or as islands within the wound. List five (5) things that need to be documented about a wounds exudate. 1) Amount 2) fictitious character 3) Swab 4) Smell 5) Colour When assessing a wound it is important to look at the surrounding skin. Why is this so? Make sure it is not touch the surrounding skin. Wound is healing towads the middle but not towards the edge of the wound. Most pressure ulcers can be prevented. Suggest three (3) preventative measures that you as an enrolled nurse can put into place to prevent pressure ulcers in your older clients. ) Pressure area care change of positions for patient regularly 2) sanction patient to mobile to regulate blood flow 3) Correctively use of pressure sockings Describe four (4) stages of pressure ulcers. 1) Stage I Non-blanchable erythema of intact skin the heralding lesion of skin ulceration. In individuals with darker skin, discoloration, warmth, edema, induration, or hardness may be indicators. 2) Stage II Partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis, dermis, or both. The lesion is superficial and presents clinically as an abrasion, blister, or shallow center. ) Stage III entire thickness skin loss involving damage or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend do wn to, but not through, underlying fascia. The sore presents clinically as a deep crater with or without undermining of adjacent tissue. 4) Stage IV Full thickness skin loss with extensive destruction, tissue necrosis, or damage to muscle, bone, or supporting structures. There are many factors that delay wound healing. transport define extrinsic and intrinsic factors that prevent wound healing and give five (5) examples of each. 1) Extrinsic impinge on the patient from the external environment.Examples Mechanical stress, Debris, Temperature, drying up and maceration, Infection. 2) Intrinsic directly affect the performance of body functions through the patients own physiology or condition. Examples Health status, age factors, body build, Nutritional status, general diseases. Moist healing has been shown to be significantly more effective that dry healing. Give an example of when moist healing is not recommended. Necrotic digits due to ischemia and / or neuropathy should be kep t dry or monitored very closely. What is the key to preventing nosocomial infections? Infection control.E. g. Good hand hygiene practice that is effective and promotes compliance, such(prenominal) as the use of alcohol-based products, is important in preventing nosocomial infection. How long does a routine hand wash take? Around 15 seconds. From your research provide information about the following medical stuffing product types. Give an explanation of how each dressing type works and provide an example of the type of wound it may be used on. 1) Alginates it can promote autolytic debridement of the wound. Alginates have the unique ability to absorb up to 20 times their weight in fluid, depending on the manufacturer.Depending on the type of seaweed species from which the alginate is made, the dressing may either gel or swell in the wound after absorption of wound fluid. calcium alginates tend to swell, whereas sodium alginates tend to dissolve or gel in the wound bed. Wound type C avity wounds 2) Films can be used to dog and protect catheter sites and wounds, to maintain a moist environment for wound healing or to facilitate autolytic debridement, as a secondary dressing, as a protective cover over at-risk skin, to secure devices to the skin, to cover first and second degree burns, nd as a protective eye covering. Wound type Pressure Ulcers 3) Foams antimicrobial foam dressings provide an ideal healing environment by simultaneously managing moisture and bacteria in the dressing. As the foam dressing absorbs exudate, a powerful yet safe antiseptic, targets and kills bacteria on contact. Wound type Heavily exudating wound 4) Hydrocolloid works to absorb the exudate from a wound and convert it to a gel that is either stored within the dressing, orpushed through the surface of the dressing away from the wound itself.Wound type can be used very appropriately on dry wounds as any slight moisture produced by the skin creates a gel that in turns helps to keep the skins surface in that area soft and supple, aiding in healing. 5) Hydrogel Wound gels are excellent for helping to create or maintain a moist environment or so hydrogels provide absorption, desloughing and debriding capacities to necrotic and fibrotic tissue. Wound type loughy or necrotic wounds What are primary and secondary dressings? Primary are applied directly to a wound and may contain some medication.Secondary secure the primary wound dressing in place. They are not secondary in importance, for if the primary wound dressing cannot be kept or applied where intended, then no matter what is placed on the wound might not work. State two (2) types of pegleg ulcers giving an explanation of the clinical signs of each one. 1) Venous swollen ankles filled with fluid that temporarily hold the imprint of your finger when pressed (known as indentation oedema) discolouration and darkening of your skin around the ulcer (known as haemosiderosis) hardened skin around the ulcer, which may make your leg eel hard and resemble the act upon of an upside-down champagne bottle (known as lipodermatosclerosis), small, smooth areas of white skin, which may have tiny red spots (known as atrophie blanche) 2) Arterial patient will contract an increase in a cramp like inconvenience oneself due to the reduction in arterial blood supply. It can also be presented on leg elevation. If the reduction in blood supply left untreated, it can cause death of tissue in the area being feed by the affected artery. The limb will appear pale and there will be a noticeable lack of hair.When wound you not use compression bandaging as a treatment for a leg ulcer? Arterial ulcers treatment is often urgent. Compression bandages must not be used, as this will reduce the blood supply even further. Surgery may be needed to clear out the blocked artery (angioplasty). In some cases, the section of blocked artery may require surgical replacement (by-pass surgery). In severe cases, the lower leg m ay have to be amputated. How do you know if a wound product is working? The wound has signs of improvement such as growth of new tissues/ minimising of exudate.At what point does an acute wound become a chronic wound? In healthy individuals with no underlying factors an acute wound should heal within three weeks with remodeling occurring over the undermentioned year or so. If a wound does not follow the normal trajectory it may become stuck in one of the stages and the wound becomes chronic. Chronic wounds are thus defined as wounds, which have failed to proceed through an orderly and timely process to produce anatomic and functional integrity, or proceeded through the determine process without establishing a sustained anatomic and functional result.So Chronic wounds are stuck in either prolonged inflammatory stage or proliferative stage. Many clients experience pain in and around the site of their wound. List facts that need to be included in pain assessment and provide some exam ples of things that can be done to reduce a clients pain. In the pain assessment, we should assess the wound and document the pain score that the patient is experiencing. Also, we need to interpret the description of the pain (i. e. burning, tingling, stabbing etc. ) and will the pain affect the healing process. Furthermore, we also need to document how we treat the pain.Such as medication or any therapy that has been used. There are things that we can do to reduce a clients pain * Cover the wound to protect it from further injury. * diverseness the bandage daily, and keep the wound clean to prevent infection. * Take ibuprofen or acetaminophen to ease initial wound pain. If pain lasts for more than a day or two, consult your doctor. * For a foot or ankle wound, stay off your feet as much as possible to ease pain and encourage healing. * Be sure to get plenty of sleep and follow a healthy diet to help your body heal.

Novel Compared to Movie Adaptation Essay

Film adjustment or movie adaptation has been a widespread practice in cinematic tradition around the world. Majority of such adaptations are made from fictions, primarily romances. Some of the other popular sources include autobiography, plays, scriptures and comic books. When a novel is fitted for movies, there are certain techniques deployed to give it a cinematic appeal. Inventing new divisions and altering scenes fall into the category of primary adaptation techniques.Sometimes it is also notice that an insignificant character in the novel is given a prominent part to play in the movie theatre. Novels with exteriority and physically dynamic structures are most normally adapted for filming. Thus, modern novels with their intricate literary devices (such as stream-of-consciousness, internal monologues, etc. ) are difficult to make fit for movies. While changes are mandatory collect to time constraints and nature of the medium, extreme care must be taken so that the original essence of the novel is not compromised.However, one school of apprehension argues that the director should treat the film separately from the novel as both are completely different works of art. Accurate arrangement of a novel at the time of filming is virtually impossible since both speak different literary languages. Contrary to this perspective, another school of thought steadfastly believes that the film must retain either the thematic or the aesthetic sense of its source. Changes should only be made wherever necessary. This doctrine lays more emphasis on the faithful reproduction of the source content.This article is going to make a comparative analysis between Fannie Hursts untrue of Life and its cinematic adaptation of the same title directed by Douglas Sirk. One of the cardinal aspects of movie adaptation that every director must keep in mind involves the essay of taking the viewers away from the fiction It has been argued that these displays of technique and artifice m ake it difficult to respond affectively to art since they create distance between the fiction and the viewer. (Sirk et al.207) movie theatre is quintessentially a self-reflexive form of art having a vast scope of expression. This freedom, if used discreetly and masterfully, may make an ordinary source look splendid. The novel Imitation of Life focuses not just on the crude nature of racism in America in the beginning of the twentieth century, but also, and perhaps on a more serious note, holds in view the limitations of the new women. Peola, one of the briny female characters in the novel, represents the tragic predicament of being neither dull nor white yet both.(Hurst et al. xxv) Her persistent struggle to live without black identity makes her suffer from the inconsolable loss of her mother. At the same time, Bea also gets manifold between career, romance and motherhood. She has to give up love and care for her daughter Jessie to pursue her career. The two sets of mother-daugh ter relationships portrayed in the novel, Bea-Jessie and temptress-Peola, imply a subtle subject matter which Hurst seeks to convey in the novel a woman cant have it all. (Hurst et al. xxv)The movie by Douglas Sirk does not deviate from the main darn of the novel to a great extent. Characters and conclusions in both cases are same, but the background is changed in the movie to suit the nature of time it depicted. It might be noted that the novel was written in 1933 whereas the movie was released in 1959. The identities of Lora and Annie as widowed single mothers are kept intact in the sense that Bea and Delilah are also shown as widowed single mothers in Hursts novel Imitation of Life. The cinematic counterparts of Jessie and Peola are Suzie and Sarah respectively.Loras fiance Steve is an adaptation of the character of Frank Flake in Imitation of Life. The movie Imitation of Life, as observed by Andrew Sarris in Film Culture, is characterized by an apparent notion of impossible action which Sarah wants to achieve white skin. (Handzo 1997) If one attempts to make a comparative analysis between the movie and the novel, the element that comes to the fore is the introductory part. Sirk Douglas does without the elaborateness of Fannie Hurst in narrating the backdrop of Loras previous life when she was married.In the beginning of the novel, Bea is shown as a spinster who marries Benjamin Pullman. The subsequent chains of events that lead to Beas struggle for endurance with an infant daughter are excluded from the movie. It opens with Loras soaring ambition of becoming a Broadway star a curtain raiser which is followed by three societal scenes the film producer conjures women and work, race relations, star mythology. (Sirk et al. 27) In this sense, the movie mirrors the content of the novel in a threefold manner. To quote Sirk, The mirror is the imitation of life.What is interesting close a mirror is that it does not show yourself as you are, it shows you your own opposite. (Sirk et al. 3) As far as cinematic approach is concerned, the abrupt opening may be attributed to time constraints as well. However, the movie diverts from the novel in one critical aspect. While Bea pursues a successful career of businesswoman, Lora takes a different course altogether. dissimilar the world of literature, the world of showbiz uniquely demands dynamism of action and hence, the characterization is justified per se.Another argument that can be cited with regards to the altered career path of the main protagonist of the movie is the shifting social climate in the times it was released. It was difficult for the filmmaker to envision his heroine as the owner of pancake restaurants. Moreover, during that phase numerous Afro-American actors were striving to put behind the stereotyped roles of household attendants. So changes in the storyline are especially reflected in the characterization of Annie.In appendix to being a motherly figure of affection and care, she is also the source of wisdom in Loras household. (Richard 2008) Both the novel and the film adaptation divvy up a striking resemblance in themes of romance. At the end of the novel, a triangular love develops between Bea, Flake and Jessie. Similarly, the movie also projects similar storyline where Suzie in her teenage is enamored by Steve who is Loras fiance. This modernist womans picture has been a source of much controversy in both the novel and the movie.It has given rise to a lot of feminist speculations regarding the ordeals faced by single working mothers in male dominant societies. The melodramatic imagination of the filmmaker goes beyond the confines of the novel. The cinematic experience of Imitation of Life presents a spectrum of diverse interpretations which are not fully realized in the novel. It can be stated without an iota of doubt that the freedom of expression in any moving medium is utilized to its fullest potential by the director, all within the bailable limits of the reel world.Works cited Hurst, Fannie, and Daniel Itzkovitz. Imitation of Life. Durham Duke University Press, 2004. Sirk, Douglas, and Lucy Fischer. Imitation of Life Douglas Sirk, Director. Piscataway Rutgers University Press, 1991. Handzo, Stephen. Intimations of Lifelessness. bright lights film journal 18 (1997) Richard, Cicely A. Film Analysis Imitation of Life. suite101. com. May 26, 2008. 7 March 2009

Are Electro-Acoustics and the Vernacular the Largets Developments in 20th Century Music?

EAMMON MSETFI Contextual studies (MU314) Convenor Tim Howle Essay 1 Denis Smalley has suggested that the ii most important musical developments in the 20th Century be the domains of the electro- acoustic and the unwashed. To what extent is his assumption fabricate? This found entrust demonstrate an understanding of the developments in 20th coulomb music, with a detailed view on the path and expansion of electro-acoustic technology and of the rough-cut. This will also be highlighting the theoretical ideas that made these large developments possible and the technological innovations that created the floors for both these areas.Total straightism aft(prenominal) composers, Wagner and Brahms, who stretched the boundaries of tonality to breaking point (Wagner notably in, Tristan & Isolde, 1857), composers wanted to experiment with new ideas. Schoenberg was the first composer to approach composition with a completely new approach, not with typical tonality but with a serial metho d this was later known as 12 tone music (all 12 tones of the chromatic scale are arranged in a mulish sequence know as a tone row, all 12 tones must be delectationd in order for the piece to progress).Webern was in brief to follow Schoenberg and became a pupil of his he soon follow his 12-tone method and found his own individuality within the domain. For Webern this meant a focused contrapuntal means in which every element formed mixed connections, with every tone having an equal importance. Although Schoenberg consciously created the method, his connection with the tonal world was never cut. On the contrary, Webern gazed openly into the future. Early Webern pieces ( forward 12-tone) it is clearly apparent the influence of Schoenberg, notably Op10 (1911-1913), where he xploited his mentors use of klangfarbenmelodie (tone-colour melody), which involved splitting a melody between multiple instruments, rather than allocating it to however one instrument, as a result, adding colo ur (timbre) and texture to the melodic line the use of this method canister also be seen in, Five piece wind quartet (1909), The four pieces for violin & piano (1910) and The six bagatelles for string quartet (1911-1913). Schoenberg created 12 tone to control pitch, Webern extended the method to determine, dynamics, tone colour and regular recurrence this was later entitled total serialism.As an alternative of using notes to ease up a melody, he used them to create a colour. Weberns melodic lines are atomized into two or three note fragments which are presented in frequently changing tone colour and register, this idea is used in modern vernacular music, many modern jazz musicians use his ideas on tone colouration as well as many electronic composers to this day. The mathematical similarities in Weberns total serialism helped the progression of electronic music and synthesized music.Many of Weberns followers tried to extend the idea of tone colour and the 12-tone technique to el ectronic music, notably Stockhausen who was greatly influenced by Weberns serial technique. How Stockhausens influenced an electronic generation. Stockhausen began studying under Messaian with the influence of serialism, early pieces the influence can be seen from both, his mentor and Webern, notably in Kreuzspiel (1951), and Spiel (1952) the opening of Klavierstucke (1952) also began with firm serial principles.Stockhausens progression into electronic music began with his examination of acoustical hygienic, always committed to reconstructing sound synthetically by means of electro-acoustic equipment. Schaeffer allowed Stockhausen to work within the music concrete group in Paris, where he mainly recorded acoustical sounds then analysed them. later this analysis he disc everyplaceed the relations of vibrations within sound, this innovation lead him to the idea of synthesized sound.After working with Schaefer his idea was not to emulate acoustic sound, but to perpetrate the new pot ential of synthetic production, as a result, a completely new array of timbres can be constructed this was not conceivable with traditional acoustic instruments. Herbert Eimert stated in his classification of notes, the pure tone (sine-wave tone), free of overtones, which never appears in traditional music (or nature). It issues from the electronic production of sound.The sinusoidal tone organization must therefore simply be a system of virtual relationship, from which a composer can create structures in the form of series, relationships, rows and other forms of organization (P. 122 Karl H. Worner, 1973). Stockhausens first electronic compositions, Studie 1 (1953) being the first piece to be composed primarily with sinusoidal waves, utilizing an sine-wave generator he was able to construct complex timbres in mathematical series (the influence of integral serialism can be seen most here).This early experiment of what we now know as, additive implication was extremely important to e lectronic and synthesized music. Studie 2 (1954) was very similar but the spectra of pure tones were radiated into a resonance chamber and re-recorded. The original sine waves were distorted to generate a similarity to noise occurrences. The piece Gesang der junglinge (1955) was the first piece to combine music concrete with electronic music. Stockhausen practised in this what we now would consider, subtractive tax write-off.With the use of noise generators a full frequency spectrum can be achieved, for example white noise. The frequency curings can be filtered to produce a single band of frequency or even a single note, if precisely done. Stockhausen demanded that electronic music should really be electronic music its character is not to be found in imitating what already exists, but in lending itself to the discovery of completely new processes and facilitating their technical realization, so that with them can be achieved a tax deduction of utterly new and unknown timbres (P. 30 Karl H. Worner 1973). Stockhausen was a critic of carbonated waterular music and its dependence on repetition, which he opinion, was very predictably, although his work became very influential for popular musicians. His technique was most influential on popular musicians he was amongst the first to implicate sampling and synthesized sound to compositions, the influence can be seen in Pop, rock and jazz in the 1960s notably on the Beatles Sgt Peppers (1967) album where an extensive use of magnetic tape sampling and tape delays were used.Many popular musicians vex credited Stockhausen, his use of sampling and synthesized sound inspired a generation of popular music, where his techniques have developed. How Post- contend recording technologies gave birth to electro-acoustic technology and popular music During the war, a mass demand for technology was created, Eric Hobsbawm describes this period as a technological earthquake (P. 41 Timothy D. Taylor, 2001) this necessity for commu nications technology was vital for the war effort.Throughout this period the Germans created Magnetic tape to send coded messages, as well as to record piano tuner receiver broadcasts (this was later used extensively in early electro-acoustic compositions). After the the Statesns seized the magnetic tape technology, it was developed with higher fidelity to be used in film and radio. Reproduction technologies had an impact on the evolution of electro-acoustic equipment. Schaeffers piece Etude aux Chemins (1948) was one of the first electronic compositions of the 20th century, which became very influential to modern day sampling.Corporations responsible for the creation of musical instruments in early 20th century had no vocation for economic suicide (p. 7 Simon Emmerson, 1986), this led to them only adjusting existing instruments, therefore it was not viable for the creation of new inventions it was not in their best interests. Our civilization sees itself too smugly in the mirror o f history it is no longer creating the needs which would make renewal an economic necessity (P. 7 Simon Emmerson, 1986). h The first half of the 20 century saw considerable progression within the domains of sound reproduction tools and the sizeable escalation of the recording industries this developed electronic technology and in grow, developed new styles of vernacular music. This technological innovation laid the foundations for new vernacular music such genres as rock, hip-hop, etc. collect to this development, where the existence relied on electronics to produce the sound, musicians started to embrace technology. This combination of science and music started to form a complex connection.Prior to first commercially available synthesizer, created by Robert moog, much(prenominal) electronic works were very much based in academia and research facilities (due to sheer size and cost), this soon lead to a shift in musical culture. The synthesizer produced sound by vibrating objects that are positioned close to one or more electrical coils, in between a light germ and a photoelectric cell or in direct contact with a piezoelectric crystal (P. 47 Hans-Joachim Braun, 2002) this creation gave composers endless opportunities from complex timbres to the bastard of acoustical instruments.It spread from being a specialists use to common use in many new style of music (as can be soon today with the thousands of bedroom studies, etc. ), this was due to the drop in price of the transistor in the 1960s. This revolutionized music, many popular musicians soon adopted the creation of the synthesizer, there generally wasnt a pop composition that didnt contain some sort of electronic synthesizer in the eighties the Moogs use can be seen in the production of Diana Ross and the rolling stones.It is my personal feeling that recording technology was one of the largest developments of the 20th century it provided the foundation for electro-acoustic technology, this new found knowl edge also allowed the spread of diverse cultures to different places in the world and created new vernacular music. The development of popular music well-nigh popular music was designed to appeal to a mass market, and a number of them were supposed to be very catchy and memorable. With the advent of recording technologies and radio of early 20th century, music could be shared with the masses, and all economic backgrounds.In 1948 the first mass produced electric guitar was released. With the advent of the electric guitar came the creation rock and roll, (which to a great extent relied upon an electrical source) a mixture of rhythm and blues this new music hit the market, appealing to a mass audience To produce sound, an electric guitar senses the vibrations of the string section electronically and routes an electronic signal to an amplifier and speaker. The sensing occurs in a magnetic pickup mounted under the strings on the guitars body (P1 Marshall wit ).This new development ga ve musicians more flexibility to affect the timbre of the instrument, with such electro-acoustic modules such as fuzz wah pedals and reverb. This change allowed musicians to have more control over their sound and how it was modulated, and consequently revolutionized music. The development of electronic equipment had great effect on music, the invention of these instruments developed a new popular market it created a non-classical vernacular music which was aimed not at just a select demographic but a widespread audience. 950s saw the creation of the first ever pop music charts this saw Elvis become one of the first popular global sensations. The 1960s saw the Beatles became global, heavily influenced by such electro-acoustic composers as Stockhausen, mend a popular music standard of writing their own lyrics and songs. Before the Beatles many pop artists were manufactured as a face instead of defenseless talent, (this is now becoming more apparent in 21st century music). The creati on of transistor radios helped expand popular music, an individual now could listen to the radio and their favourite songs anywhere.With the arrival of samplers a new style of popular music was created, hip-hop was the first genre to be made with the skill of sampling, using prior popular music styles such as jazz and funk as influence, this technique was created by Stockhausen and Schaefer but with the advent of the sampler, was developed to be used in the common home. The advent of Music channels such as MTV had great influence on the promotion of popular music, giving the artist great optical appeal to the demographic. Popular music takes many influences from several genres, jazz, gospel, classical etc. ut the technological growth excelled the development of what we now as mainstream music. Conclusion To conclude, Weberns method of total serialism had great impact on the development of electro-acoustic equipment his ideas of tone coloration were used in the development of electro nic and synthesized music, which in turn developed new vernacular music. Stockhausen with the inspiration of total serialism, influenced a whole new generation of electronic music, his use of synthesized sounds and early forms of additive and subtractive synthesis shaped the electronic music era.All of the technological and theoretical innovations in the 20th century music helped develop electro-acoustics and vernacular, without these advances the development of the two would not have existed. It is my thought that both these are the two largest developments in 20th century music but credit should also be given to the areas, which made these changes possible. Bibliography Arnold Whittall (2003). Exploring Twentieth-Century Music. New York Cambridge University press. 21-26. Ben Kettlewell (2001). electronic Music Pioneers.Vallejo Course Technology Inc. 54-57, 77-93. Ethan Haimo (2009). Schoenbergs Transformation of Musical Language. New York Cambridge University Press. 1-8. Hans-Joac him Braun (2002). Music and Technology in the Twentieth Century. 2nd ed. United States of America The Johns Hopkins University Press. 47-55. Joan Peyser (1993). Twentieth Century Music The sense behind the sound. New York Pro Am Music Resources. 21-34, 63-71. Karl H. Worner (1973). Stockhausen life and work. London Faber and Faber Limited. 118-154. Paul Griffiths (1981).Modern Music The avant garde since 1945. London J. M. loot & Sons Ltd. 13-31, 34-51. 6 Simon Emmerson (2000). Music Electronic Media and culture. Hampshire Ashgate Publishing limited. 36-50, 70-80. Simon Emmerson (1986). The Language of Electroacoustic music. London The Macmillan Press LTD. 1-30, 61-70. Timothy D. Taylor (2010). Strange Sounds. New York Routledge. 1-78. David Paul. (1997). Karlheinz Stockhausen. visible(prenominal) http//www. stockhausen. org/stockhausen%20_by_david_paul. html. put out accessed 1st Nov 2012. Gregory McNamee. 2008). 1948 and the Birth of rock candy and Roll Music. usable http//ww w. britannica. com/blogs/2008/01/1948-and-the-birth-of-rock-and-rollmusic/. Last accessed 1st fall 2012. Greg R. (2007). Pop Music Origins/Development?. procurable http//answers. yahoo. com/question/index? qid=20080703134820AA4fsJU. Last accessed 4th Dec 2012. Jeff Harder. (/). How synthesizers work. Available http//electronics. howstuffworks. com/gadgets/audio-music/synthesizer. htm. Last accessed 4th Dec 2012. Mike Krzyzaniak. (/). Stockhausens Studies I and II.Available http//michaelkrzyzaniak. com/Research/Stockhausen_Studie_II/. Last accessed 4th Dec 2012. Marshall Brain. (/). How Electric Guitars Work. Available http//entertainment. howstuffworks. com/electric-guitar1. htm. Last accessed 4th Dec 2012. Michael Manion. (/). FROM TAPE LOOPS TO MIDI KARLHEINZ STOCKHAUSENS FORTY YEARS OF ELECTRONIC MUSIC. Available http//www. stockhausen. org/tape_loops. html. Last accessed 4th Dec 2012. Shine music school. (/). The History of Pop Music. Available http//www. shinemusic. com. u/mu sicresources/history-of-pop-music. aspx. Last accessed 1st Dec 2012. Synthhead. (2010). Karlheinz Stockhausens Electronic Music Tips (For Aphex Twin, Plastikman & Others). Available http//www. synthtopia. com/content/2010/10/15/karlheinz-stockhausenselectronic-music-tips-for-aphex-twin-plastikman-others/. Last accessed 15th Nov 2012. 7 Denis Smalley has suggested that the two most important musical developments in the 20th Century are the domains of the electro-acoustic and the vernacular. To what extent is his assumption correct?Tom Gersic. (/). Early Electronic Music. Available http//www. gersic. com/writing. php? id=3. Last accessed 1st Nov 2012. Tim Whitelaw. (2003). Karlheinz Stockhausen Electronic music pioneer. Available http//www. soundonsound. com/sos/mar08/articles/stockhausen. htm. Last accessed 4th Dec 2012. Wikipedia. (5th Dec 2012). Moog synthesizer. Available http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Moog_synthesizer. Last accessed 6th Dec 2012. Wikipedia. (12th Dec 2012). Pop mu sic. Available http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pop_music. Last accessed 5th Nov 2012. 8 9

Give a Boy a Gun Essay

He says just about yes, maamed and no, maamed. Yes maam, everything is fine. No maam, I dont have a problem with anyone. alone you could see the pain and anger in his eyes. Citation What Brendan and Gary did was terribly, horribly, inexcusably wrong. I have no interest in defending them. But deep in my heart there is a little piece of me that at least understands what might have driven them to such a horrendous, immoral undertaking.But what those boys id was equally inexcusable and evil. Brett Betzig Brendans friend in Springfield. Citation One thing about Brendan He hated injustice Deidre Bunson student on the Middletown high schoolPaul Burns Football player. Citation One day in class we were talking about morality, and Brendan said there was no paragon. He didnt say that he didnt believe in God. He just said there was no God. (Because of the injustice in the world, he thinks that a God cant exist) (Page 56)Brandan LowlorHe is a sporty, skinny guy with glasses. His parents are very friendly and they can? t understand their sons behavior. Brandan is super intelligent, a litte bit excited (aufgeregt? Man kann in einer bestimmten Situation aufgeregt sein, aber fur eine Charaktereigenschaft brauchst du hier einen anderen Begriff. Was genau meinst du? ) and distrustful. He loves sports and videogames like Doom. He doesnt want to move to Middletown, thats the reason why he has problems at school.

Pet Wonderland Services (PWS) Essay

Introduction to the organizationPet Wonderland Services (PWS) is a new business in pets industry. PWS inaugural hook was at Shah Alam section 13. Although there are several pets shop in Shah Alam, PWS wil brings new services to the animal lovers communities as.VisionTo serve the best quality, friendly and efficacious service and fulfill client satisfaction.MissionTo be one of the top pet shop that brings the most high quality and effective services in the Malaysia. Your pets is our responsible tooObjectiveThe main objective of this service is to ease community that they would not have to bring their pet to our shop but we result go to their house and give the services that they wanted to. In our services, we only provide the best pets product and we will consult with the owner about their pets first so that we can use an appropriate an suitable pets product to their pets. We want to deliver a quality services so that customer will believe in us. We are not just gaining profit, we are also gaining trust to our customer and love to the animal.

DM Bicycle Company

As the HR director of DMBC I conduct witnessed first hand the channel in Mr. Duncans responsibilities to the company. He has become deeply afflicted by the diagnosis of batten unhealthiness to his nine year old daughter Nicole. Wanting to pop a new CSR program aimed at combating Batten disease Mr. Duncan has gone out on his own accord to use the windfall created by the FY11 projections to foster fund this endeavor of his. Though Im empathetic and personally feel for what he and his family are going through, Mr. Duncan still has a responsibility to the employees and shareholders of DMBC.By combining his role as CEO with his role as a father it is clear he has gotten off track and has overstepped his responsibility as the saying of the company. My concerns with what is happening at DMBC has to do not just with the proposed CSR program for Mr. Duncan and its effects towards the company, but also with the duties of the senior leadership and the current culture amongst them. If he goes through with funding a new CSR program in order to help his daughter Nicole, Mr. Duncan will be doing more than just taking remote bonuses from our well deserved employees.He will be changing the core principles and key practices of DMBC. When I approached Jim Miniter in order to get some resolution somewhat the situation he told me several things that created a feeling of unease. As we talked in his office he said Were going to have to present this change (new CSR program for Batten disease) in the annual report and at the shareholder meetingbut I guess Gino can finesse those things, and when I asked him if he would talk to Mr. Duncan he responded with I cant. It would be like betraying a brother.This rationalization by Mr. Miniter and his loyalty to Mr. Duncan has skewed his primary indebtedness as the chief financial officer of DMBC. I believe as the CEO, Mr. Duncan is an agent to the individuals who own the corporation and its employees not the other way around. By lett ing him fund this project without debate, he has created an surroundings where employees are afraid to speak up about his direction. He wants to change the current CSR program of Ride for spiritedness towards a cause that personally benefits his interests which is ethically unsound.Senior leadership has been passive in letting Mr. Duncan force his future CSR program for fear of disloyalty and reprisal. While talking to other employees theyre also afraid. Theyre afraid of possible effects on promotions and evaluations if they do not follow suit or participate in helping Mr. Duncan use the projected windfall for his daughters fight against Batten disease. I make these following recommendations in order to thwart off any negative effects Mr. Duncans professional choices could have against DMBC.Create an indoctrination program for all new employees and a refresher training course for all current employees to establish the companys code of ethics and values. By doing this, well have e mployees who are responsible into ensuring that leaders are consistent in their commitment to proper ethical behavior. Rather than put the Ride for Life program on hold we need to expand on it by creating a program that raises the issue of Batten disease. Raising awareness for Batten disease doesnt have to be just monetary.The Ride for Life program has been so successfulboth in raising employee morale and in creating positivist public relations that Dottie Thompson had been working for nearly a year to take the program national. Though Mr. Duncan is the CEO, he should lead the Ride for Life/Fight Batten Disease CSR program so it allows him to focus on his cause and spend more time with his family. By having him focus directly on what has been side-tracking him from his professional duties for the destination several months he will have a greater impact with everyone who is connected to DMBC.It also allows him to expand awareness of DMBC CSR programs from Greensboro to Rochester, N ew York that will benefit the company. Lastly, employees should be allowed to dictate where their bonuses and participation goes without fear of retaliation from corporate. I can assure you by allowing them to decide where their bonuses and volunteer work go they will end up supporting Mr. Duncan and his cause even more than despising him. I understand my position as the HR Director at DMBC, but it is also my duty regardless of title to uphold my values, integrity, and my overall responsibility to the employees and shareholders.

Communication in Early Childhood Education

Communication is a focussing of insureing to each one others needs and sending or giving messages to each other. sincere intercourse skills argon essential for advance(prenominal) chelahood educators and using these skills pull up stakes en open students to have better get wording to improve their knowledge process, and to discover the relationship amongst instructors and student. Apart from schooling, writing, speaking and comprehend, teachers facial manners and body language also contributes to communication with students. A child enters a different world in classroom situation.The child is part of a sassy family made up of the teacher and fellow classmates from different cultural backgrounds. It is therefore important that the teacher cover attention to their own non-verbal language. Non verbal language includes posture, gestures, heart and soul bear upon and facial expressions (Grellier & Goerke, 2010, p. 186). In the early childhood education, teachers also need to be able to interpret in puzzle outation and understand not save from listening to the child but by observing the students through their bill of exchanges and behaviour (Wright-Jackson, 2012).Drawings are a way of communicating culture to young children. Wright (2005) discusses the importance of teachers using drawings to further develop students verbal communication, thinking and knowledge. Reggio Emilio is an early learning centre in NSW and they believe in the theory that children are born with an amazing potential and widely range of abilities, for a child, language is never limited to speech (from website www. reggioemilio. com. au). Through candid communication skills teachers lead be able evaluate the childs knowledge and understanding before, during and after the lesson.Good note-taking and observation skills leave assist teachers to nurture and support students learning (McMillan, 2011). Communications skills are constantly in use during the mean solar sola r day in the classroom however teachers are also required to communicate this education or happen of the student to parents and other teachers or support teachers. By observing students involvement in the classroom teachers whoremonger assess what areas the students requires further assistance (McMillan, 2011).Non verbal language is another way of sending and receiving messages, it is another form of communication and very important for teachers in the classroom (Miller, P. W. , 2005). Miller (2005) addresses non verbal communication as communication without words and that facial expressions, gist contact, touching and tone of voice are all part of this communication. sentiency of non verbal communication can enable teachers to receive more information from the students and also have the force to send positive signals that improve the students learning, whilst avoiding negative signals that would stifle their learning (Miller, P.W. , 2005). In western cultures all listeners whatever their age or gender and educational level are expected to maintain eye contact with people they are listening to (Grellier & Goerke, 2010, p. 186). Making eye contact would interpret out-of-doorsness and honesty, while avoiding eye contact may indicate that something is wrong (Miller, P. W. , 2005). The teacher will need to understand that students from different cultural backgrounds and upbringing will not always share the same behaviour ideals. In some cultures it is trustworthy to avoid eye contact with their elders as it is a sign of respect ( Grellier & Goerke, 2010).Overcoming this hurdle by conservatively explaining to students and parents would assist in a better relationship surrounded by the student and teacher. Using direct eye contact and observing facial expressions, the teacher will be able to connect with the student and move over the childs interest in the discussion (McMillan, 2011, p. 104). Experienced teachers will be able to try a students level of interest and understanding through the students eyes. nitty-gritty contact is a powerful communication tool that allows teachers to connect with students (Miller, P.W. , 2005). Miller (2005) explains that teachers can tell when students understand the lesson or if they are struggling through the students body postures and gestures. A student that is kindle in the lesson or discussion will generally sit up straight and focus on the teacher, whilst a student that is bored or discouraged will slump into the chair (Miller, P. W. , 2005). Facial expression can determine both the teachers and students feelings, a smile will present a warm and open invitation for communication (Miller, P. W. 2005) which is essential in the classroom environment. As students in early childhood education will still be developing verbal communication skills, teachers are able to communicate ideas through drawings (Wright-Jackson, 2012). Drawings are easier for younger children to read, as they recognise dr awings or pictures better compared to written words. Miller (2005) states that teachers can use drawing as a communication and learning tool when working with young children, in a way the drawings will act as a second voice for children.As a childs reading and writing skills are developing drawing is an alternative for the child to express their ideas and can assist students with literacy as children read through their drawings. In the early stages of mathematics teachers use drawings to assist students with recognising quantity, addition, subtraction and length. The sample industrial plant provided in the Australian Curriculum for mathematics in buns Year show students are taught Foundation Year maths through drawings. For a child in Foundation Year pictures would be easier to understand compared to numbers when adding.A teacher in early childhood education needs to able to communicate information to parents and other support teachers. Through observations in the classroom, a tea cher will able evaluate students work out before, during and after the lesson. Where additional special education teacher is required the classroom teacher will look for assistance and discuss the required support with the appropriate staff member. This is evident in the video words support (Falck,2011),two teachers discuss lesson planning and explain to each other what they would like to focus on and how.Communication between the two teachers establishes the most beneficial ways to implement lessons. Listening skills are essential part of communicating in early childhood education, the video Listening skills for staff (Aron, 2011), raises the importance of listening to children and allowing them to discuss topics of their natural selection With the assistance of parents the children are encouraged to fill in their profile take holds with photos or pictures of their discussion topics. The teacher listens to childs explanation of events by responding to their comments and gesture s, keeping eye contact at all times with the chid.Another window pane made in the video show children selecting books of their choice, teachers prefer children to pick books that want read to them. The child chooses the book that would like to listen to. By following this example teachers are able to have the child arouse in the activity because it is through choice of the child. Teachers observations in the classroom of students progress is documented on a daily basis to assist teachers with assessment and evaluation of understanding.This information is then provided as feedback to students and parents, when communicating this information it should be expressed in way to encourage students motivation for learning. Communicating information to parents is another labor movement for teachers which can be done verbally or written in the form of letters or school reports (McMillan, 2011). Early childhood educators have an important task to prepare young students for the years ahead. Good communication skills are essential for early childhood educators as many young students are only at the beginning to learn and develop these skills.An early childhood teacher uses communication skills throughout the day to prepare and instruct lessons, observe students progress, consult other staff members or support teachers and parents. A teacher delivers messages through many ways and such communication skills as reading, talking, listening and body language is employ to convey these messages. Understanding students through listening to their narration of events and requests can assist teachers to improve communication between the teacher and student.Students non verbal language will also assist teachers when observing them during class, teachers will be able to acknowledge interest and understanding during instruction. Teachers should pay attention to developing these skills as they are vital as teaching skills to deliver and receive the right messages to students. A child is learning everyday and through good communication skills from both teachers and parents they can be prepared for increased communication in the future.

Concept analysis Essay

The purpose of this idea is to expand the understanding of the concept of boldness and its relation to the nursing affair as it functions as a whole. trustfulness is fundamental in either successful kinds from business to personal. Without believe thither is no federal agency to mean in what some champion is telling or doing for you. Thousands of articles result from googling the word charge. Countless way to establish trust in the workplace, with your loved ones, and in leadership be noted. Forbes magazine ac jockeyledges the importance of trust in leadership and builds strategies based on trust to bring companies to higher profit levels and increased productivity (Horsager, 2012). numerous polls on most trusted professions, place nursing in the top ten demonstrating the society patients feel with shelters and their trust in them to select their outperform interest at hand (Wilson, 2012). According to Kahn (2013) Nurses put one across ranked highest in honesty and ethics in America since G all(prenominal)up began including the profession in the poll in 1999 (pp.2). The word trust is continually referenced by means ofout the ANA Code of Ethics as a foundation g offsetent for effective communication in all working and patient relationships. Trust is the groundwork for not exactly all nursing cargon but in any overlord setting and without it relationships atomic number 18 compromised. So what is trust? Websters Dictionary defines trust the noun as the assured doctrine on the character, great power, strength, or legal philosophyfulness of someone or something a charge or duty imposed in faith or confidence or as a condition of some relationship something committed or entrusted to one to be determinationd or cared for in the interest of another (Trust, 2014). According to Changing Minds, (2013) trust is two and emotional and logical act. Emotionally, it is where you expose your vulnerabilities to plurality, but believing they go out n ot take advantage of your openness.Logically, it is where you have assessed the probabilities of gain and loss, calculating expected and concluded that the person in question will behave in a predictable manner(pp.1). Dinc & Gastmens, (2013) describe trust as a belief that our dear(p) will be taken care of or as an attitude bound to time and space in which one relies with confidence on someone or something, and as a willingness to engage oneself in a relationship with an acceptance that vulnerability may arise (p.502). When we trust others we accept that they will act aboveboard and that we can depend on them to behave in a predictable way, and that they wont execration our trust (Getting Comfy, 2013). Our dependence on those we trust leaves us vulnerable and we are essentially accepting that field of battle of vulnerability Dinc & Gastmans (2011) states, Where one depends on anothers good will, one is necessarily vulnerable to the limits of that good will, and gives others an o pportunity to harm when one trusts, and shows confidence that they will not take it (p. 224). Horsager, (2012) discussed the concept of trust in the following statement As a leader, you are trusted only to the degree that people believe in your ability. Be open and transparent. Keep people informed. People are often more bear on by what they do not know than what they do. Explain your decision making process and the rationale for your decisions. support when there are problems and make relevant information acquirable (pp.4). Studies revealed that patients have a pre-existing trust, repayable to previous go acrosss with health-care permitrs, and a confidence in the nursing profession due to their extensive education (Dinc & Gastmens, 2013). legitimacy in nursing leadership is often described as the glue needed to hold unitedly a healthy work environment (Pross & Sherman, 2010, pp. ). The general population has an initial trust in our law enforcement agencies due to trust in t he governments intense application and training process. As babys we insure basic trust or mistrust depending on how intumesce nurtured we are by our parents. Mcleod, (2013) explains, If the care the infant receives is consistent, predictable and reliable they will develop a sense of trust (pp.2.).Stockbrokers are trusted with breeding savings to invest and make sound judgments because they have proven their ability to produce large returns. Pastors are trusted that the sermon they preach is from the Bible, and we have faith, and hope that the Bible is true. Marriages thrive or fail all based on the trust of each other in the relationship. There are many facets to what trust actually means for each situation but all require certain factors to achieve that trust. The protect- patient relationshiprequires several conditions to establish trust. According to Dinc & Gastmans (2013) availability and accessibility of the adjudge, face emotionally and physically safe, feeling at home and valued as an individual, feeling adequately informed, and respectful communication (p.507). In the professional context of a sop up it begins with a reliance on skills that then has the opportunity to evolve as a relationship is established through communication and actions. Raeve, (2014) states, Patients appear to trust in a restrains skills made manifest through her professional qualifications (p.157). When we meet someone out military position of this context we seldom have and immediate trust of them. Trust in the laymens definition is something that is earned, over time and experience of prior social interactions. Its a confidence and knowing that our closest friends will not do us harm. This is where the nursing profession is unique in that trust is presumption where no time has been available to earn that type of trust. Mathias, Pullen & Richard (2010) articulated a deeper understanding of fostering trust with patients A therapeutic nurse-patient relationship is define d as a helping relationship thats based on mutual trust and respect, the nurturing of faith and hope, being sensitive to self and others, and assisting with the gratification of your patients physical, emotional, and spiritual needs through your knowledge and skill (p.4) In the nurse-patient relationship, trust is built mainly through our ability as well as demonstration of benevolence by providing care with their better interest in mind as well as open communication. Mathias, Pullen. & Richard (2010) listed the following as guidelines for nurses to establish trust with their patients1. Introduce yourself to your patient and use her name firearm talking with her. A handshake at your initial meeting is often a good way to quickly establish trust and respect.2. Make sure your patient has privacy when you provide care. Be sure that her basic needs are met, including relieving trouble or other sources of discomfort.3. Actively bear in mind to your patient. Make sure you understand h er concerns by restating what she has verbalized. 4. Maintain eye concussion. Remember, too much eye contact can be intimidating. Smile at intervals and nod your head as you and your patient engage in conversation. Speak calmly and slowly in terms that she can understand. Your voice inflection should say I care about you.5. Maintain professionalboundaries. Some patients need more therapeutic touch, such as hand-holding and hugging, than others and some patients prefer no touching. Always respect different cultures (pp.2). Common phrases containing the concept trust includes trust and obey, in God we trust, trust is a two way street and trust your instincts. After analyzing all the uses of the concept of trust and what they have in common, I came up with the following critical attributes Belief in ability and effectiveness to do somethingGenuine care and consideration for the best interest of all parties Interests are considered and respectedIntegrity displayed through consistency of action.Model caseA patient is being admitted for an outpatient surgery, the nurse enters and introduces herself, tells her how persistent she has been a nurse and explains the process of what she will be doing. She then explains what will come passim the surgical process from admission to recovery (belief in ability and effectiveness to do something). As the medical specialty list is reviewed the nurse notices that the patient has a medication that is contraindicated with another she is taking and discusses this with the patient. The patient then expresses that she has been having side effects that she did not realize were from those the mix of medications. She thanks the nurse for noticing the mix up and states she feels so delicious to have her as her nurse today (genuine care and consideration). The nurse tell the patient she has to shave the groyne area for the procedure. The patient appears somewhat apprehensive, so as the nurse pulls the curtain she explains what she w ill be doing and uses a towel to cover exposed areas as she works (privacy and respect). The surgical bath is prepared as the nurse walks the patient through the process. The patient is a little more comfortable this time and as she is given a towel to cover exposed areas, she is more implemental as the nurse washes (consistency of action). Next the nurse must start the IV, the patient expressed her concern that the last time she was poked multiple times and that no one would listen to her when she told them the best view. The nurse acknowledges this information and thanks her. She proceeds to look at the placement the patient prefersand informs her that she will place the IV there. As she finishes up she explains to the patient that although sometimes we can go where you prefer , that its not always possible but to always speak up to the nurses because it is helpful (interests are considered and respected).Contrary CaseA patient is waiting in the ER bay, the nurse walks in offeri ng no introduction but hands the patient a gown stating, put this on only underwear on underneath. At the same time the nurse starts with a rush of oppugn while the patient gets up to pull the curtain herself (no privacy or respect). The patient tries to describe her symptoms and the pain she is in but the nurse cuts her off mid-sentence and tells her to just tell the doctor when he arrives, she is only here to get a history, vitals and start fluids (no genuine care or consideration). The patient inquires as to how long the nurse has been practicing to which the nurse replies, awhile (No belief in ability). The nurse then begins to look at patients arm to look for IV placement, the patient tells the nurse easiest placement usually is from past experiences. The nurse tells the patient she hates when people try to tell her how to do her job (interests are not considered or respected). The nurse then walks absent and tells the patient she will be back to which a different nurse retu rns to continue the admission (no consistency of action).Borderline CaseA patient is waiting for nurse to give her medications. The nurse comes in on time as always with the medications (consistency of action). The nurse remembers to bring in the patients favorite juice to take the pills bulge out with (interests are considered). The patient tells the nurse she needs to use the bedside commode first so the nurse closes the gateway and tells the patient to push the call light once she has finished (privacy and respect). The nurse returns prepares to give the patient an dead reckoning but when the patient asks exactly what the injection is for the nurse does not know and simply responds, its just something the doctor wants you to have. The nurse then calls another nurse to verify where the shot should be given, all the while the patient is now concerned that the nurse should not beadministering the medication (no belief in ability or effectiveness to do something). Concepts related to trustIntegrityBenevolenceCredibilityConfidence realityInvented CaseA boy s fecal matters a rainbow in the sky and is filled with excitement because if he finds the end he knows a pot of gold is waiting for him. The boy tells his best friend who has a special map that he drew just for this occasion and gives it to him to follow (belief in ability and effectiveness). The best friends tells him he wants to go to, that he has always dreamed of this day and so the boy invites him to come along (interests are considered). The two set off on their way to find the end of the rainbow and encounter a fork in the road. The boy admits he has no sense of direction and that every time his best friend chooses which way to go they end up in the right place (consistency of action). Together they see to go right and before they know it they are at the end of the rainbow. As they approach a leprechaun appears and asks the boys to turn around so they wont see where he hides the gold, the boys obli ge and the leprechaun returns with a pot of gold (privacy and respect).Illegitimate CaseAn illegitimate use of the term trustDefinition Firm reliance on the integrity, ability, or character of a person or thing. Use Trust me, I know what Im doing.AntecedentsConsistencyIntegrityCommunicationCompetenceConsequences of TrustCommitmentCooperationTherapeutic relationships pryConflict ResolutionIn conclusion, the concept of trust remains a broad concept as a whole however it is better defined as it relates to each circumstance. Trust is continually evolving in the nurse patient relationship and as we become more educated and socially and emotionally aware, we are better able to assess the context of and redefine the way trust is established for that moment. Knowing the rudiments of building trust is just a stepping stone to becoming better leaders within our profession as we apply the skills across the continuum from patients to co-workers and other health professionals.ReferencesChanging Minds. (2013). What is Trust? Retrieved marching 8, 2014 from http//changingminds.org/explanations/trust/what_is_trust.htm Dinc, L., & Gastmans, C. (2011). Trust and trustworthiness in nursing an argument-based literature review. Academic Journal, 19 (3), 223-237.doi10.1111/j.1440-1800.2011.00582.x Din, L., & Gastmans, C. (2013). Trust in nursepatient relationships A literature review, 20 (5), 501-516. doi http//dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733012468463 Getting Comfy. (2013). Why Trust is the Foundation of Leadership. Retrieved March 5, 2014 from http//gettingcomfy.com/2013/12/21/ Horsager, D. (2012). You Cant Be a Great Leader Without Trust. Heres How You Build It. Retrieved March 3, 2014 from http//www.forbes.com/sites/forbesleadershipforum/2012/10/24/you-cant-be-a-great-leader-without-trust-heres-how-you-build-it/ Kahn, J. (2013). Nurses Are the Most Trusted Professionals in America. Retrieved March 5, 2014 from//healthpopuli.com/2013/12/16/nurses-are-the-most-trusted-professionals-i n-america/ Mathias, T., & Pullen, R. (2010). Fostering therapeutic nurse-patient relationships. Nursing Made Incredibly Easy, 8(3), 4.doi

Henri Fayol vs. Henry Mintzberg

Henri Fayol vs. Henry Mintzberg. Functions vs. roles Henri Fayol and Henry Mintzberg be two sides of the one create verb solelyy. Each man has his own opinion on what the film director does. Fayol has his five functions and Mintzberg has his roles of management. In this attempt I will discuss both mens opinions and try to come to a ratiocination on which I think is better. Henri Fayol, a french management theorist and managing director of a French mining company, came up with the five functions of management.These functions serve the purpose of predicting the future of the environment and planning a applicable trade strategy, developing a social and technical structure to the organisation, managing the activities of the staff, integrating plans and activities across the organisation and ensuring agreement with the plan via authority and feed endorse mechanisms to correct inappropriate activity. Planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling. These five functio ns conduct been around since Fayol came up with them back in 1916 and have dominated management vocabulary since then.These functions would seem to cover exclusively the criteria needed for a manager to do his job but Henry Mintzberg has a different opinion. Henry Mintzberg is an internationally far-famed academic and author on business and management with over 140 articles and thirteen books written. He came up with the roles of management, which he believes cover most of the things a manager will encounter in their job. These roles atomic number 18 furcate into 3 interpersonal roles, 3 cultivational roles and 4 decision making roles.The 3 interpersonal roles are the straw man which helps reinforce what the company stands for and reinforces the organisational culture, the leader who provide their employees with a sense of mission and the liaison who mixes with others knocked out(p)side the business to represent the needs of their group. The 3 entropyal roles are the monito r who collects information form within the group and finds out what is going on in the business, the disseminator who shares the information with others who would not find out the information and the congresswoman who represents the views of the group in the wider environment.The 4 decision making roles are the entrepreneur who make decisions to improve the function of their subordinates to the performance of the business, the disturbance handler who bears with any problems that might occur within the group, the resource allocator who allocates resources end-to-end their subordinates and the negotiator who negotiates to secure contracts, budgets etc. Henry Mintzberg believes that the five functions of management do not really secern us much about what a manager actually does but at best create a vague picture of what objectives managers have when they work.He has come up with the idea that there are 4 myths relating to the role of the manager which if looked at closely do not support Fayols functions. The inaugural of these myths is that a manager is a reflective, systematic planner when studies show that most managers work at a fast and unrelenting pace, that their activities are often brief and varied and that they disthe likes of reflective activities but are more action orientated. The second of these myths is the effective manager has no regular duties to perform.Evidence shows that managers do in point perform a number of regular duties like rituals and ceremonies as well as negotiations and processing information with links between the organisation and its environments. The third myth is The senior manager needs aggregated information, which a formal management information system provides. The fact in this case is that managers prefer to get their information through telephone calls or meetings. The fourth and final myth is Management is, or at to the lowest full point is quickly becoming a science and a profession.The fact behind this myth is that the manager programs to schedule time, process information, make decisions and so stay in their own head and deal with things in their own management. The first of the four myths is probably the one that conflicts most with Fayols functions and shows that although there is some degree to a managers job, they prefer to work fast and would rather take action to try and resolve a problem rather than waste time thinking on different ways to overcome it.In my opinion, I would be more inclined to agree with Mintzberg and his roles of management over Fayols functions. This is because the roles of management have a lot more scope and would allow a manager more ways to deal with a wider variety of situations. They also cover the roles that I have seen managers in my working environment narrow such as the Liaison, the Negotiator, the Disturbance handler etc. In conclusion, although the five functions are a expert way to look at the role of a manager I think thatMintzberg, having done all the studies on managers and actually seeing what they do in their day to day workings has given him a better idea of what the job of the manager actually entails. Fayols views look good when you see and take them but in reality, is management as straight forward as the five steps that he has set out? I dont think that he has looked at all the areas and all the things that could go wrong in jobs.In reality, I think Fayols functions are more like the ways we would like the job of the manager to be whereas Mintzbergs roles have given us the way a managers job actually is and covers most of the things that a manager would encounter in the running of a business. By Alan Young References DR R DONNELLY , the role of the manager, heriot-watt university. HENRY MINTZBERG, July-august 1975the managers job Folklore and fact Harvard business review.

Peace in Multicultural Society

A crabbed community of people living in a bucolic or region, and having sh atomic number 18d customs, laws, and organisations is called a hostel. In a society, people depend on each former(a) for spirit. No society backside hold up without interdependence and this interdependence on each other has turned the world into a global village. Clashes get started when there is differences in customs, laws and organisations indoors the same region or a country. Sometimes these differences become so gruelling that they become the cause of struggle and alarm.Lack of tolerance, accommodation and patience lead a region and country toward devastation. nowadays there is enormous angst around the world and all peace-loving organisations, institutions, countries and clement beings argon unhappy because of increase hatred and conflicts. Beside these, p e rattlingplacety, unemployment, insecurity and disasters both natural as well man made atomic number 18 the modify factors to these p roblems. These all are because of cultural conflicts between human beings. Culture, supposed to flourish human life and brook entertainment, has become the cause of hatred by few extremists in society.We nates never eliminate hatred, war and conflicts from our society. Human beings were created with war and conflicts as part of their nature solely we can reduce these activities through unsophisticated efforts and cypher on improving our society. For peace, the primary step is tolerance and accommodation and secondary is the exercise of great patience. This way angiotensin-converting enzyme can ignore those who abuse your culture, devotion or customs. All countries are bring equally to the spread of hate and hatred. No religion on the surface of this Earth preaches hate.However, elements from all faiths are using grossly misinterpreted religious misinformation to spread extremism and terrorism. eastern hemisphere is creating terrorists only when the West is publishing offens ive cartoons of Prophets. If somebody in the East is disturbing the peace in this world, virtuoso should only punish the guilty non the whole society, region or country. The devilish elements should be blamed and punished for their wrong doings non the whole society or a particular culture or religion. Terrorism and torture of human beings are not allowed by any school of thought.Only a few elements in each society spread hate. Behind hate there are many reasons and here some are highlighted. use of unwanted power of powerful countries against weak countries, clash between capitalism and labour, illegal confinement over other resources, supremacy of few estates and ineffectiveness of world organizations like UNO and others. Even well developed and civilize societies are involved in the disturbance of world peace. As a result, man on the i hand is proceeding toward globalization and on the other, he is creating distances between one another.Culture clash is the most dodgy and e xplosive reason for the destruction of World peace. For long time, we have claimed illiteracy merchantman the reason for war, terror and all evils in this world but today we have come to know and realise that in fact there is a serious lack of morality not lack of education behind the worlds un certain(a)ty. We torture human beings and in turn destroy their inner respect. The repercussions are retaliations, which are far more than intense and inhumane.In third world countries like Pakistan there is feudal system operating in certain parts of the country and this system is inherited from the previous generations that cannot be eliminated easily because only these feudal lords can change the system but they would never want their supremacy to be demolished. Revolutions do not overtake daily, they only come rarely, and without revolution, change in some societies is never possible. A common person in Third World countries cannot enter politics and only politicians can change the pol icies.The West needs work force and they want import of men as labour but they are not touch on to share capitalism with labour. Trade of goods is liked by every country but countries are not ready for the exchange of art and technologies. If terrorist elements existed in Afghanistan what were the sin of all those innocent men, women and children who had been killed in war on terror? No rule and law of humanity allow us to ruin a nation and country because of one devil. There is great lack of justice, tolerance and accommodation around the world.As a result, the life of modest, peace loving and normal common person is disturbed. Peace is needed this time. Each country in this world is facing terrorism and worlds approach toward terrorism is not advocated. If any incident takes place in India, it blames Pakistan for this and vice versa. West automatically blames Muslim countries for any terrorism that happens there. These base little(prenominal) blames on each other not only increas e rivalry between nations but also the real culprits take favour of this situation and escape.Revival on policies over war on terror has become necessary. North and South, West and East are all suffering from these harsh elements and they should all untidily set a new constitution to fight against terrorism. The killing of innocent people around the world has become a passion. It requires a very clear division of What is snobbish and what is public. Religion is a private act of man and one must not interfere in any private matters. While public personal business, need to be handled at government level.If someone is bad in our surrounding, we must deal with those devils with an iron fist but within the circle of law. We must stop anyone in a society through dialogue from preaching hatred against any political party or school of thought and make them realise that they are doing wrong and disturbing the peace. This is not an easy job for any individual. Through local, national and world-wide organisations, we can make this possible. In every society, there should be some organizations for the preaching of peace and love.Like in the tribal areas of Pakistan where young children are brain-washed into becoming terrorist and suicide bombers so why can the government and national and international NGOs not make them civilized human being? What are they all doing and what are they spending those millions and billions of dollars on? As much as this world is spending on war on terror, if some of that currency is spent on the preaching of peace we may be able to change the world in the coming years to some extent. Justice is the firmest pillar of a government.We must define public and private affairs and make sure that no one is allowed to interfere in the private activities of others. Among private activities, religion and traditions are of foremost importance at local, national as well as international level. The ideal of minority and division of human beings on the bases of races, colours and tribes are unjust within people and society. In private activities we are always interdependent and this interdependence has made us rational and social animals. We cannot brook without interacting with each other as well with our external environment.Interrelationship between people always depends on shared benefits. Even though it should be a give and take relationship, we do tend to give less and take more. We become more sensitive when our rights are under siege but far less sensitive when someone elses rights are under attack. Honesty is the best policy for the stability of human interrelation but we do not practise this policy often enough. We should be able to enjoy our independence to the fullest within the limits of the laws of the land. These limits should be set and watched purely by governmental departments, institutions and agencies.If some things are disallowed in one region and allowed in another, both regions should respect each o thers feelings and not impose their own rules upon others. The determination and demarcation line of freedom must be based upon law, culture, religion of any country or region safekeeping in view the rights of people of other religions living in minority. The United Nations should set limitations through statewide dialogue of all member nations keeping in view the demands, needs and interests of each nation. No country should be allowed to interfere in other countrys private affairs.The West claims that they are the protector of human rights but recently they have taken the most actions against humanity by interfering in other countries affairs and have labelled the loss of civilian lives as collateral damage. The freedom of everyone should be restricted within walls and these walls might be religion, culture, tradition and others. Within Eastern countries, there is another great drawback at jackpot root level. In most Eastern countries, hate is spread among children through text books.In their textbooks, there is great astonishment for the personalities who had defeated rival countries, religions, invaders or plunderers and great hate for those who had fought with their ancestors centuries ago. As a result, children hate rival nations and this hatred gets stronger when they grow up and spoils the society. Our textbooks must carry lessons of enlightenment, moderation, respect and importance of others, honour of national and international laws, naming of wrongs and rights, good and evils, sense of responsibilities and interdependence of nations and collaboration with their own country.There is a constant competition among the countries for science and technology, industrial and energy enrichment. This is a good and positive phenomenon if the competition is positive. Above all, these said problems and causes are common at all national and international level and suggestions need to be implemented at both levels if we are seeking peace and love within our soc iety as a whole around the world.